Why is it necessary to locate septic systems away from surface water?

It is necessary to locate septic systems away from surface water primarily to prevent contamination of drinking water sources. Septic systems treat and dispose of wastewater through a combination of physical, biological, and chemical processes. When these systems are placed too close to surface water, there is a risk that pathogens, nutrients, and pollutants from the effluent can wash into the surface water during heavy rainfall, flooding, or high water tables. This contamination poses significant health risks to humans and wildlife and can compromise the safety of drinking water supplies.

Maintaining a safe distance from surface water helps to protect water quality in nearby lakes, rivers, and streams, ensuring that these resources remain safe for recreational use and consumption. Additionally, regulations often mandate specific setbacks to help minimize these risks and protect public health.