What is the role of microbial activity in a septic tank?

The role of microbial activity in a septic tank is essential for the effective treatment of wastewater. Microorganisms, particularly bacteria, are responsible for breaking down organic matter present in the sewage. This biological process is fundamental to the functioning of a septic system, as it decomposes the solids and converts them into simpler compounds, such as gases and liquids. This decomposition process reduces the volume of waste, helping to prevent the septic tank from becoming overloaded.

By efficiently breaking down organic materials, microbial activity also contributes to the stabilization of the waste, which is crucial for the overall health of the septic system. Without this microbial activity, solids would accumulate quickly, leading to clogs and necessitating frequent pumping of the tank. Thus, the presence and activity of microorganisms are vital for maintaining the septic system's performance and prolonging its lifespan.