What are the main components of a septic system?

The main components of a septic system are the septic tank and the drain field. The septic tank functions as the initial treatment component where wastewater from the home enters. Here, solids settle at the bottom, forming sludge, while oils and lighter materials float to the surface, creating a scum layer. The treated liquid, or effluent, flows out of the tank into the drain field.

The drain field, also known as the leach field, is crucial for further treatment and dispersal of the effluent into the soil. This soil-based treatment allows for final filtration and microbial action to further purify the wastewater before it eventually re-enters the groundwater. Together, these two components effectively treat and manage household sewage, making them integral to the functioning of a septic system.

Other options mention components that are either specialized equipment or parts of wastewater management systems that do not comprise a traditional septic system, such as grease traps or sump pumps, which serve different purposes or are used in other contexts.